1/22/2024 0 Comments For iphone download DirEqualApple Card is subject to credit approval, available only for qualifying applicants in the United States, and issued by Goldman Sachs Bank USA, Salt Lake City Branch. To access and use all Apple Card features and products available only to Apple Card users, you must add Apple Card to Wallet on an iPhone or iPad that supports and has the latest version of iOS or iPadOS. See the Apple Card Customer Agreement for more information about ACMI financing. See /kb/HT211204 for information about upcoming changes to ACMI financing. ACMI financing is subject to change at any time for any reason, including but not limited to, installment term lengths and eligible products. The last month’s payment for each product will be the product’s purchase price, less all other payments at the monthly payment amount. ACMI is not available for purchases made online at the following special stores: Apple Employee Purchase Plan participating corporate Employee Purchase Programs Apple at Work for small businesses Government, and Veterans and Military Purchase Programs, or on refurbished devices. An iPhone purchased with ACMI is always unlocked, so you can switch carriers at any time. You’ll need to select AT&T, T‑Mobile, or Verizon as your carrier when you check out. Taxes and shipping on ACMI purchases are subject to the variable APR, not 0% APR. If you buy an ACMI eligible product by choosing to pay in full with Apple Card (instead of using ACMI), that purchase is subject to the Apple Card variable APR, not 0% APR. Existing cardholders: See your Customer Agreement for applicable rates and fee. ![]() ![]() Cardholders who accept an Apple Card on and/or after August 10, 2023: Variable APRs for Apple Card, other than ACMI, range from 19.24% to 29.49% based on creditworthiness. APR ranges may vary based on when you accepted an Apple Card. See /kb/HT211204 for more information about eligible products. for eligible Apple products purchased at Apple Store locations,, the Apple Store app, or by calling 1‑800‑MY‑APPLE, and is subject to credit approval and credit limit. Restrictions and limitations may apply.Īpple Card Monthly Installments (ACMI) is a 0% APR payment option that is only available if you select it at checkout in the U.S. More details are available from Apple’s trade‑in partner for trade‑in and recycling of eligible devices. Apple or its trade‑in partners reserve the right to refuse or limit quantity of any trade‑in transaction for any reason. Some stores may have additional requirements. Offer may not be available in all stores, and may vary between in‑store and online trade‑in. In‑store trade‑in requires presentation of a valid photo ID (local law may require saving this information). Sales tax may be assessed on full value of a new device purchase. Actual value awarded is based on receipt of a qualifying device matching the description provided when estimate was made. Trade‑in value may be applied toward qualifying new device purchase, or added to an Apple Gift Card. You must be at least 18 years old to be eligible to trade in for credit or for an Apple Gift Card. Trade‑in values will vary based on the condition, year, and configuration of your eligible trade‑in device.Pricing shown for iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Plus includes a $30 connectivity discount for Verizon and T‑Mobile customers that requires activation and would otherwise be $30 higher for all other customers. * Pricing for iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus includes a $30 connectivity discount that requires activation with AT&T, T‑Mobile, or Verizon.
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![]() The indictment chronicles how Trump and his Republican allies, in what Smith described as an attack on a "bedrock function of the U.S. The former president was the only person charged in the case, though prosecutors referenced six unnamed co-conspirators, mostly lawyers, they say he plotted with, including in a scheme to enlist fake electors in seven battleground states won by Biden to submit false certificates to the federal government. The case is part of an ongoing set of escalating legal troubles for the ex-president, coming nearly two months after Trump pleaded not guilty to dozens of federal felony counts accusing him of hoarding classified documents and thwarting government efforts to retrieve them. "My father was just officially arraigned," read an email sent under the name of his son Eric Trump. Just minutes after Trump's motorcade pulled away from the courthouse, his campaign was fundraising off the events. Trump has said he is innocent, and his legal team has characterized the latest case as an attack on his right to free speech. Three police officers who defended the Capitol that day were also seen entering the courthouse. Smith himself was in the courtroom and sat in the front row behind the prosecutors handling the case. The charges could lead to a yearslong prison sentence in the event of a conviction. government and conspiracy to obstruct an official proceeding. The indictment charges Trump with four felony counts related to his efforts to undo his presidential election loss, including conspiracy to defraud the U.S. His appearance Thursday unfolded - as will the rest of the case - in a downtown courthouse in clear view of the Capitol and in a building where more than 1,000 of the Capitol rioters have been charged. He stood up to enter his "not guilty" plea, answered perfunctory questions from the judge and thanked her at the conclusion of the arraignment. Trump, the 2024 Republican presidential primary front-runner, sat stern-faced with his hands folded, shaking his head at times as he conferred with an attorney and occasionally glancing around the courtroom as his court appearance began. Capitol in a violent clash with law enforcement. 6, 2021, when a mob of supporters stormed the U.S. In a criminal case seen as the most historically consequential of the three that he faces, Trump stands accused of trying to subvert the will of voters and obstruct the certification of Democrat Joe Biden's victory before Jan. Trump appeared before a magistrate judge in Washington's federal courthouse two days after being indicted on four felony counts by Justice Department special counsel Jack Smith. WASHINGTON - Donald Trump pleaded not guilty Thursday to trying to overturn the results of his 2020 election loss, answering for the first time to federal charges that accuse him of orchestrating a brazen and ultimately unsuccessful attempt to block the peaceful transfer of presidential power. 3, 2023, in Arlington, Va., as he heads to Washington to face a judge on federal conspiracy charges alleging Trump conspired to subvert the 2020 election. AP Photo/Alex Brandon Former President Donald Trump arrives at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, Thursday, Aug. ![]() Not deflected in the way that would be expected of electrically charged When the German physicist Heinrich Hertz passed the rays through an electricįield created by metal plates inside a cathode ray tube, the rays were When physicists movedĪ magnet near the glass, they found they could push the rays about. Were needed to resolve the uncertainties. It ought not to be difficult to discriminate between views so different, yet experienceĬase." - J.J. Thomson, thought that all material particles themselves might be some kind of structures built out of ether, so these views were not so far apart.Īre held as to these rays. Maybe cathode rays were similar to light waves? Another possibility was that cathode rays were some kind of material particle. ![]() Hat could these rays be? One possibility was that they were waves traveling in a hypothetical invisible fluid called the "ether." At that time, many physicists thought that this ether was needed to carry light waves through apparently empty space. Evidently some kind of ray was emitted by the cathode and lighting up the glass. In 1859 a German physicist sucked out still more air with an improved pump and saw that where this light from the cathode reached the glass it produced a fluorescent glow. and the interior of the tube would glow in lovely patterns. They took a glass tube with wires embedded in opposite ends. Thomson,Ĭience lecturers who traveled from town to town in the mid nineteenth century delighted audiences by showing them the ancestor of the neon sign. Us so promising an opportunity of penetrating the secret of electricity." - J.J. By incorporating engaging teaching techniques like experiments, visual aids, and real-life applications into your lessons, you can inspire students’ interest in atomic theory and pave the way for future discoveries."There is no other branch of physics which affords Teaching students about Rutherford’s planetary model is a valuable lesson in scientific curiosity and perseverance. Relate to Real-Life Applications: Explain how advancements in understanding atomic structure have contributed to innovations in numerous fields such as medicine, technology, and energy production. Visual Aids: Employ various visual aids, such as diagrams, animations, and interactive software programs, so students can better visualize atomic structure. Promote critical thinking by letting them debate on potential shortcomings of the model, which will later pave the way for understanding Niels Bohr’s improvements to atomic theory. Group Work and Discussion : Encourage students to work in groups to explore different aspects of the atomic model. Conduct a scaled-down version of the experiment in the classroom or utilize a virtual simulation to help students understand how Rutherford’s observations helped him form his hypothesis. Hands-On Experiments : Discuss the Gold Foil Experiment that led Rutherford to propose his model. ![]() ![]() For example, compare Rutherford’s planetary model to our solar system, with the nucleus representing the sun, and electrons orbiting as planets. Use Analogies: Use relatable analogies to help your students grasp complex concepts easily. Thomson’s “plum pudding” model and explain how Rutherford’s findings fundamentally changed our perspective on atoms. Highlight previous theories on atomic structure and use visuals or videos to showcase J.J. To make learning about the Rutherford planetary model engaging and enjoyable for students, consider adopting these innovative teaching techniques:Ĭontextualize : Begin by providing historical context to help students appreciate the significance of Rutherford’s contributions. The planetary model shaped modern chemistry, allowing scientists to delve further into quantum mechanics and lay the foundations for today’s understanding of atoms. After conducting his experiments, however, Rutherford disproved this model and provided valuable insights into atomic structure. Thomson’s “plum pudding” model was widely accepted. This model revolutionized our understanding of atomic structure by proposing that atoms consist of a dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons orbiting in nearly empty space.īefore Rutherford’s discovery, J.J. Understanding the Rutherford Planetary ModelĮrnest Rutherford, a New Zealand physicist, presented his popular atomic model known as the “Rutherford Planetary Model” after conducting the famous Gold Foil Experiment. In this article, we will explore effective methods for teaching students about the Rutherford planetary model and how to inspire their curiosity for atomic theory. One of the most important scientific discoveries was made by Ernest Rutherford in 1911 with the development of his planetary model of the atom. Over centuries, humankind has strived to better understand the universe, constantly questioning and refining our understanding of the world around us. The beauty of science lies in its never-ending quest for knowledge. ![]() Impala is driven by a team of girls with a passion for skating and it's our mission to help support a positive and encouraging community for skaters of all levels. Impala is for everyone – whether you’re into roller skating, inline skating, or skateboarding, it’s all about having fun! With a nostalgic throwback to the 70’s, 80’s and 90’s, Impala is bringing back the yesteryears of skate. 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Known as: The southernmost beach in the Continental USA South Beach from the Emma Carrero Cates Pier. Restrooms and picnic areas are across Atlantic Boulevard in the Charles McKoy Indigenous Park, home to over 125 species of tropical trees and shrubs native to the Florida Keys, as well as migrating birds and butterflies.ĭrop by the Key West AIDS Memorial near the Edward B. ![]() Swimming, kayaking, and fishing are popular here, as well as doing yoga on their dedicated yoga deck. Rest Beach is also a favorite of beachcombers the tides tend to wash various debris ashore. Just minutes away from downtown Key West, this beach isn’t as big or spectacular as other Key West beaches, but its small, uncrowded beach is the perfect respite from the non-stop partying. Harvey Memorial Rest Beach, commonly called Rest Beach. Known for: Its spectacular views of both sunrises and sunsets Edward B. ![]() There are several restaurants and bars in the area, as well as tennis and volleyball courts, a fishing pier, and a dog park.ĭon’t miss the memorial of the African Cemetery, the only known African refugee cemetery in the US. The beach has plenty of amenities, including restrooms, showers, picnic areas, and rental facilities for watersports equipment. Snorkelers also come here as this is one of the access points of the Key West Marine Park, a protected coral reef ecosystem. It’s a favorite of locals for swimming, sunbathing, kayaking, and fishing. Higgs Memorial Beach Park (known simply as Higgs Beach) covers 16 acres of beachfront land. Known as: An important cultural and historical siteĪt the end of Reynolds Street looking out on the Atlantic Ocean, Clarence S. There are food trucks selling a variety of food and drinks as well, so you’ll never go hungry. Outdoor showers and public restrooms are available, and plenty of rental shops where you can rent virtually anything from beach chairs, umbrellas, watersports equipment, kayak, jet skis, and many more. This public beach is open 24 hours a day, with no entrance fees and lifeguards on duty during daylight hours. While its sandy beach is manmade and needs to be replenished regularly, locals and tourists alike flock to its shores to swim, windsurf, kitesurf, parasail, jet ski, fish, or simply lounge on the beach. Stretching over two miles along the island’s southern shore, Smathers Beach is widely considered the most popular Key West beach and one of the best clear water beaches in Florida. Known as: The largest and most popular Key West beach History buffs can take a narrated tour of the fort itself and learn of its role in the Civil War while strolling through the brick-red hallways and checking out the largest collection of Civil War cannons in the country. Wildlife spotting doesn’t end at the ocean wooded nature trails provide opportunities to spot unique birds, mammals, and wildflowers. Other sea creatures you can spot include dolphins, turtles, barracuda, and tarpon. Snorkelers don’t even need to go into a boat you can just walk into the water with your equipment on and start swimming with reef-dwellers among living coral. You can even cook your fresh catch on one of the charcoal grills and enjoy them in one of the shaded picnic areas. Swimming, fishing, and kayaking are other popular activities in the calm waters of this beach. ![]() There are also places to rent water sports equipment. Known as: Key West’s best beach Photo Credit: Ken Lundīeing called the best beach anywhere is a tall order, but Fort Zachary Taylor Historic State Park certainly deserves the title.īetter known as Fort Taylor (or Fort Zach to locals), this decommissioned Civil War-era fort is now a state park with a spectacular natural beach with sand composed of ground coral instead of imported sand.Īmenities here are also complete there are restrooms, showers, and even water fountains. The Best Key West Beaches On The Island 1. So if you’re ready to go on a Florida Keys vacation, here are the best Key West beaches to consider visiting. You may be surprised to know, though, that powdery sand dunes aren’t the norm in the Florida Keys as part of a huge coral barrier reef system, sand doesn’t wash ashore and get deposited to form natural sandy beaches.īut while the sands on beaches in the Florida Keys aren’t as powdery as those on the Emerald Coast or others on the mainland, the water and the views aren’t any less spectacular. ![]() Key West beaches are famous destinations for swimming, fishing, jet skiing, parasailing, snorkeling, diving, or simply lounging around to witness beautiful sunrises (or sunsets, depending on which side of the island the beach is on). 1/22/2024 0 Comments Bjork debut wiki![]() One standout, “Victimhood” conjures, with its creeping industrial-orchestral pulse, the folk terror of Ari Aster’s horror films the lyrics are part shadow work, part feminist thought. But the theme of personal growth is inextricable from her mycophilia: She finds so much nourishment and possibility in the dark, mossy understory of life. At times, Fossora’s mushroom-centric imagery can feel a little like an overwrought metaphor. “Fungal City” moves the record toward the light of new love-but not too bright-with techno beats, bemused bass clarinet lines, and the supporting coos of serpentwithfeet (something of a musical hopekeeper himself). Life cycles are at the heart of Fossora, whose title translates to a Latin feminine form of the word “digger.” The abstract a cappella interlude “Mycelia,” named for fungal root systems, is a beguiling mix of calm and hyperspeed that could soundtrack a time-lapse video of moss and mushrooms overtaking a forest. I love Björk’s generous articulations of her mother-that Hildur’s dyslexia made her the ultimate improviser, the way her “vibrant rebellion” requires trilled Rs-but the more cutting lines are the things left unsaid or hard to face: “Did you punish us for leaving? Are you sure we hurt you? Was it just not ‘living?’” and “You see with your own eyes/But hear with your mother’s/There’s fear of being absorbed by the other.” It’s that push and pull of not wanting to lose your mother’s voice in your head, combined with not wanting to make her same mistakes. The lyrics reflect the arc of a mother and daughter’s love passed through decades: As childhood memories merge with scenes of hospitals and pacemakers, Björk steps into the role of valiant “hopekeeper” for her mother while the clock ticks down (literally, there is a ticking clock in the song). Built from anthemic strings, sparse beats, a sprinkling of chimes and gongs, and vocals from Björk and her son Sindri, “Ancestress” is among the singer’s most striking songs about hope because it shows the limits of it. “Sorrowful Soil” was written before Björk’s mother passed, and “Ancestress” was written after, as a more personal eulogy. ![]() Certain phrases cut through and carry the melody: “emotional textile” (what a mother’s nest is made from, naturally), “self-sacrificial,” and “nihilism.” Björk’s mother was a nihilist, a fact that is dramatically emphasized in a vocal hook despite her nature, the musician seems to say, she did her best to raise children, an act that disregards one’s own nihilism for the future. With a baroque choral arrangement and bass chords that function like a church organ, the song sounds solemn, to be sure, but there’s something strangely funny about boiling down a woman’s life to her menstrual cycles and prevailing worldview (Björk seems to recognize this, grinning over the lyrics’ oddness in our recent cover story). “In a woman’s lifetime she gets 400 eggs but only two or three nests,” she sings, pausing for emphasis and buoyed by women’s voices from the Hamrahlid Choir. The first, “Sorrowful Soil,” is Björk’s attempt to mimic Iceland’s traditional style of musical eulogy, consisting of melodramatic melodies delivering dry biography, but from a matriarchal POV. ![]() ![]() The most poignant songs on Fossora are the towering twin tributes to her mother, the environmental activist Hildur Rúna Hauksdóttir, who died in 2018. 1/22/2024 0 Comments Mint wireless att![]() The company started as a SIM-only operator, and has a good range of choices whether you want to bring your own existing phone, or buy a new one. Mint Mobile offers both SIM-only deals as well as plans that can be bought in tandem with a variety of mobile phones online, including the Apple iPhone 14 and Google Pixel 7 Pro to name but a few. Mint is known for its top customer service with short wait times and the ability to talk to an actual person rather than an automated phone line, and you may have seen the company in the press recently due its celebrity co-owner Ryan Reynolds.Īt Mint Mobile Is Mint Mobile good? This is our Mint Mobile review Mint Mobile: Plans and phones Instead, Mint Mobile encourages you to bring your own, since this was originally a SIM only network, which still sticks to its origins. You also don't get a cell phone as part of the deal, hence the lower price. Looking at customer reviews online, this doesn’t seem to happen very often thankfully. However, that’s the compromise you make if you want to benefit from Mint’s enticing savings. This means you could be kicked off with native T-Mobile post-paying customers taking priority in heavily congested or busy periods. While Mint Mobile customers will benefit from T-Mobile’s wide and fast 5G network, its users may experience de-prioritization occasionally. Mint also only offers pre-payment plans in either 3, 6 or 12 month blocks which means that you won’t find any nasty extras added onto your bill at the end of the month like you could with a standard mobile contract. We’ll go into great detail on the coverage, signal strength and value of Mint’s proposition throughout this article.Īs Mint Mobile is able to skirt around the cost of laying down new mobile infrastructure, they can offer great savings by operating on the pre-existing T-Mobile network. In short this means that Mint uses the network of cellular towers and infrastructure already setup by another telecoms company, in this case it’s via T-Mobile. Mint Mobile is one of the best cell phone providers and is what’s known as an MVNO, or Mobile Virtual Network Operator, to give it its full name. 1/21/2024 0 Comments Japanese whiskey total wine![]() The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels. ![]() Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of port, rum or sherry are also sometimes used. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, which are typically made of charred white oak. Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky or whiskey is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash. Irish whiskey, Scotch whisky, Bourbon whiskey, Japanese whisky, Canadian whisky, English whisky It’s priced at 7,800 yen (US$52) for a 700-mililiter (23.7-ounce) bottle, so it isn’t the cheapest Japanese whisky around, but it’s still a relatively affordable luxury, and coincidentally costs exactly as much as weekend adult admission to Japan’s Ghibli theme park will under its new, more expensive ticket system will.At least 40% (37% in Australia, 43% in South Africa ) Ukiyo is on sale now at Kumesen Shuzo’s Okinawa Blue physical shops in Okinawa and through its online store here. They recommend drinking it straight or cut with soda water, and pairing with salty or sweet accompaniments such as beef jerky, smoked salmon, chocolates, or vanilla ice cream. The company describes the flavor as smoky and spicy with a hint of banana, giving way to notes of spearmint, cinnamon, and bitter chocolate for a leisurely finish that’s both sweet and tart with a tropical impression. Ukiyo is a rice whisky with a 50-percent alcohol content, distilled by Kumesen Shuzo in Okinawa and aged in American white oak casks. ▼ Suzuki’s inei, as seen on bottles of Echigo Beer, with the kanji for his name written across Totoro’s tummy Miyazaki designed the inei for Suzuki some time back, and it also showed up, in more of a rusty brown color, when Suzuki’s calligraphy graced the labels of a line of Japanese craft beer. If you’re wondering why this Totoro looks extra stylized, it’s because it’s also an inei, a seal with the artist’s name that’s stamped onto their work, similar to a signature. It’s a little hard to make out in Kumesen Shuzo’s promotional images, but this is actually none other than Ghibli mascot Totoro, drawn by Miyazaki himself. In the bottom left of the golden sphere, you’ll notice an illustration in red. Starting with Suzuki’s contribution, the veteran producer has become something of a calligraphy buff in recent years, and those are his brushstrokes serving as the design for the written-in-kanji-charcters Ukiyo (浮世) on the whisky’s packaging. It’s not just Ukiyo’s name that has a connection to Japanese art, however, but its packaging too, as the whisky’s label and box feature artwork from Studio Ghibli producer Toshio Suzuki and anime director Hayao Miyazaki. Called Ukiyo, the whisky’s name means “floating world,” the same ethereal geographic descriptor as in ukiyo-e, the “pictures of the floating world” woodblock prints that today serve as a window into life in Japan during the pre-photograph era. Japanese whisky maker Kumesen Shuzo has just released its latest creation. Okinawa distiller teams up with the anime legend. 1/21/2024 0 Comments Weider 200 power tower![]() Under normal illumination, the average adult’s pupil size measures around 3.5 mm but can range from 1.0 mm to 10 mm and decreases as one ages due to senile miosis. In either situation, it is imperative that both pupils be illuminated equally and simultaneously. In addition, the ophthalmoscope can also be used as a dim flashlight to measure pupils while looking from outside the instrument. If needed, the clinician can view the patient’s pupils through the direct ophthalmoscope, and measure the size of the red reflex. It can be particularly challenging to accurately measure the size of a patient’s pupils if his irises are dark. To avoid stimulating the accommodative response and consequential constriction, the ruler should be held away from the visual axis of the patient. Measurement of pupil size should occur under normal lighting conditions to the nearest 0.5 mm using a millimeter ruler or pupillary gauge while the patient fixates on a distant, non-accommodative target. Other gross observations for abnormalities could include evidence of corectopia (displaced pupil), polycoria (multiple pupils), leukocoria (white pupil, which can be an ominous sign of a serious ocular form of cancer known as retinoblastoma), or iris heterochromia (difference in iris colors between the two eyes).Īlthough pupil testing provides gross observations in these areas, the slit lamp can be used to examine the pupil and iris in more detail. ![]() Non-round pupillary shape can occur as a result of a surgical complication, posterior synechia from intraocular inflammation, or iris atrophy from age, ischemia, inflammation, or trauma. The red reflex provided when viewing through the direct ophthalmoscope can be helpful when comparing the two eyes. Observing pupil shape, location, and sizeĪ normal patient’s pupils should be round, symmetrical, and centered within the iris. The equipment required to perform pupil testing is minimal: all you need is a millimeter ruler or pupillary gauge and a transilluminator (which is preferred over a disposable penlight due to the intensity of the light). If the patient is unable to see the 20/400 E, the red/green filter can be utilized over the optotype, and the patient should be instructed to fixate on the colors.Ī target that is too small for the patient might result in accommodation, with associated with pupillary constriction, which you will want to avoid when testing pupils. This article will focus on the proper procedure for testing pupils as well as point out some of the more commonly encountered pupil abnormalities.īefore testing pupils, the patient should be instructed to remove her spectacle correction.Ī distant, non-accommodative target two to three lines larger than the patient’s uncorrected visual acuity should be utilized. This procedure should be included as a component of every comprehensive examination or any time a patient needs to be dilated-in addition to any problem-focused visit involving eye health, such as a red eye visit, ocular emergency, or intraocular pressure (IOP) check. Because of its potential to reveal serious retinal, neurologic or other disease, pupil testing is a crucial part of the ophthalmic examination and requires astute observation. 1/21/2024 0 Comments Download Airmail 5īalloons also carried mail out of Paris and Metz during the Franco-Prussian War (1870), drifting over the heads of the Germans besieging those cities. Postal Service issued a 7 cent stamp commemorating the event. ![]() Weather issues forced him to land near Crawfordsville, Indiana, and the mail reached its final destination via train. The first official air mail delivery in the United States took place on August 17, 1859, when John Wise piloted a balloon starting in Lafayette, Indiana, with a destination of New York. ĭuring the first aerial flight in North America by balloon on January 9, 1793, from Philadelphia to Deptford, New Jersey, Jean-Pierre Blanchard carried a personal letter from George Washington to be delivered to the owner of whatever property Blanchard happened to land on, making the flight the first delivery of air mail in the United States. The letter was written by an American Loyalist William Franklin to his son William Temple Franklin who was serving in a diplomatic role in Paris with his grandfather Benjamin Franklin. It was flown by Jean-Pierre Blanchard and John Jeffries. Specific instances of a letter being delivered by air long predate the introduction of Airmail as a regularly scheduled service available to the general public.Īlthough homing pigeons had long been used to send messages (an activity known as pigeon mail), the first mail to be carried by an air vehicle was on January 7, 1785, on a hot air balloon flight from Dover to France near Calais. History Early airmails Study for The First Official Airmail Flight (1941), mural by Dorothea Mierisch at the post office in McLeansboro, Illinois Such "air-speeded" mail is different from nominal airmail in its branding, price, and priority of service. Thus even "regular" mail may make part of its journey on an aircraft. Today it is often the case that mail service is categorized and sold according to transit time alone, with mode of transport (land, sea, air) being decided on the back end in dynamic intermodal combinations. Since the official language of the Universal Postal Union is French, airmail items worldwide are often marked Par avion, literally: "by airplane".įor about the first half century of its existence, transportation of mail via aircraft was usually categorized and sold as a separate service (airmail) from surface mail. The Universal Postal Union adopted comprehensive rules for airmail at its 1929 Postal Union Congress in London. ![]() ![]() Airmail may be the only option for sending mail to some destinations, such as overseas, if the mail cannot wait the time it would take to arrive by ship, sometimes weeks. Airmail items typically arrive more quickly than surface mail, and usually cost more to send.
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